Vitamin C is an essential nutrient for humans. It is a water-soluble anti-oxidant ( the other antioxidant vitamin  being vitamin E which is fat-soluble ) and is almost readily excreted in the urine.

Strong drinks and games of chance, in both is great sin and (some) utility for men; but the sin of them is greater than their usefulness.


Undernutrition: includes nutrient/s deficiency e.g. Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), vitamin A deficiency ( eye disorders ), vitamin B complex deficiency,  iron deficiency ( anemia ), calcium deficiency ( musculoskeletal defects, tetany etc. ), iodine deficiency disorders, omega 3 fatty acid deficiency. Flaxseed ( Alsi ) is a rich source of omega 3 fats. ( Photo below )


However both undernutrition and overnutrition may coexist resulting in an Imbalanced Nutrition e.g. overnutrition with omega 6 fats ( present in dark meat, cetain dietary oils, e.g. safflower, corn, sunflower oils ) and deficiency of omega 3 fats ( contained mostly in fish, walnuts, pumpkin seeds# and flaxseeds and mustard oil ) and/or that of omega 9 fats ( present in olives, ground nuts, mustard seeds and their oils, methi seeds ) leading to many a chronic health disorder.
So also Specific Nutrient Deficiency or excess.  Nutritional Anemia may be caused by the deficient intake of Iron alone or more often its cause is multifactorial involving other nutrients, e.g. vitamins  B, C, A, K or minerals e.g. Iodine, Zinc, Copper, Cobalt. Hypervitaminosis A may coexist with Hypervitaminosis D.

#Cucurbita maxima = Pumpkin seeds (Papita/Shakar kaddu)-
a good source of Omega-3 fatty acids.
#W-6 fat:W-3 fat::2:1 Omega-6 fats 20gm and Omega-3 fats 10gm per 100gm of edible seed portion.

Undernutrition leads to asthenia, loss of weight, incapacity to work and morbid states e.g. Protein Energy Malnutrition, Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), Anemia, Hypovitaminosis A ( Night Blindness, Preventable Blindness ).

* Food items too rich in omega 6 fats: Safflower oil, sunflower oil, corn oil, red meat, organ meat. These also cause hyperacidity and raise serum cholesterol. These are pro-oxidants. Vitamin E is an anti-oxidant.
( Fat- )Fish fish oil, walnuts. mustard oil, flaxseeds ( Alsi seeds )/flax-seed oil, soyabeen oil and pumpkin seeds are rich in omega 3 fats. /
** Saturated fats are bundantly found in butter, cheese and yellow of egg.
*** Natural dietry oils contain cis fats (good for health). When dietary/cooking oils are overheated, these are converted to transfats e.g. hydrogenated fats (health harming), which raise serum cholesterol.
Avoid refined oils in general. Refining of dietary oils involves heating the oils to high temperatures.
**** Dietary cholesterol comes mainly from organ meat ( kidneys, liver, brain ) and yellow of egg. Prepared foods are sourcses of transfat. FRIED AND FAST FOODS ARE SOME SOURCES OF TRANSFATS. Hence little or no unnecessary manipulations required from soil/seed to table/ mouth.


CALCIUM, IODINE and BONE

What iron is to the hemoglobin or blood, iodine ( a non-metallic trace element )
 is to the body. Together with tyrosine ( a protein unit), it forms the basis of thyroid
hormones and affects brain/body functions and also body height/stature.
Deficiency of iodine, copper, selenium, zinc, vitamins A, B complex, C and D and
that of calcium, phosphorus and proteins in the diet may lead to short stature.
The aforesaid dietary nutrients in the body are processed and metabolized through
various glands and organs including hypothalamus, pituitary and thyroid and Para-
thyroid glands and their respective hormones. (See role of dietary oxalates & phytates.)
Dietary iodine deficiency.
About a  billion people- all over the world- have deficient Iodine intake. It is the
most common cause of preventable brain damage and short stature/small bony cage-
(comparatively) together with Goiter ( 200 m affected worldwide ) and  sub clinical/
clinical hypothyroidism is a MAJOR PUBLIC HEALTH PROBLEM.
Another common cause of preventable brain damage is omega-3 fatty acid deficiency
( i.e. deficiency of ALA , EPA, DHA < PUFA>), specially in children.
IODINE is present in Fish or Spirulina, and other sea foods/weeds. Egg, meat,
drinking water and cereal grains in non-goitrogenous areas may
 also contain iodine to a certain extent. IODIZED TABLE SALT should be consumed
 to prevent IODINE DEFICIENCY DISORDERS (IDD) i.e. (ENDEMIC) Goiter,
Anemia, Cretinism etc.
Iodine deficiency (hypothyroidism- overt or sub-clinical) may even
cause disorders of lipid/fat metabolism leading to Atherosclerosis and Coronary Artery
Disease. Certain vegetables e.g. beetroot, cabbages, flaxseeds, turnip, radish (termed
 as Goitrogens) are in fact contain anti-nutrient substanses which prevent iodine uptake in the body.
 
Calcium, Phosphorus and vitamin D3 also are involved in bone formation and
affect stature/body height. Both calcium deficiency specially or its excess may cause
kidney stones. Phytates/Phytic acid in (wheat) bran, tea and coffee prevent calcium
absorption in the gut while vitamin D facilitates its absorption.
One study suggests that calcium intake with Vit. D3 is associated with a lower risk of total cancer
 and cancers of the digestive system, especially colorectal cancer.
Hyper-calcaemia (high calcium levels in blood) which in itself  be secondary to bone
resorption (and low Ca diet) may lead to widespread organ dysfunction and damage.
It may cause ' painful bones, kidney stones, abdominal groans and psychic moans'.
Hypo-calcemia/calcium deficiency is rampant in our country affecting specially
children, elderly and woman folk. It is a major cause of short stature, osteoporosis,
kidney stones ( strangely! ) and dental problems affecting children. Mild Ca deficiency

may cause Tetany i.e. muscle cramps and paralysis of respiratory muscles with
difficulty in deglutition. Severe form may result in laryngospasm and death.
Rice is deficient in calcium and iron. Ragi- a millet, is rich in both. A direct source
of calcium is calcium oxide (lime) that is applied to betel leaves (pan), the chewing
of which is a popular custom among INDIANS. Dairy products are its good source.
The absorption of calcium is helped by lactose (milk sugar), lysine and arginine.
Calcium supplements are advised for osteoporosis specially in women. However
their dose shoud be minimal as these supplements without adequate Vit. D3 may
cause Cancer of Pancreas, heart and artery problems . Oats and whole wheat are preferable.
www.medscape.com/viewarticle/726859?src=mpnews&spon=34&uac=114500SV

How much is enough?
 OVER-NUTRITION with iron (>40mg/day) and due to vitamins (A&D), fluorine,
 calcium and potassium (K) and omega 6 fats are significant clinical entities.
 A diet high in cholesterol or too rich in one or more nutrients/foods may similarly
 become harmful e.g. high content of leucine as in sorghum (jowar); supplementation/
 treatment with high doses of vitamins/medicines/antioxidants e.g. folic acid, ADEK etc.
 The foremost  to prevent or treat a nutrient deficiency is provision of BALANCED DIET.
 Lifestyle management including regular physical exercise is a must.
Remember there are VITAMINS IN THE LEGS.
 UNDER-NUTRITION may be multifactorial in its origin (dietary, hereditary or metabolic)
 and usually a number of nutrients are involve. Anemia due to iron and B complex
 (e.g. Vitamin B12 and folic acid) deficiencies, protein/energy, calcium and potassium
 deficiencies may occur together. Treatment of one deficiency alone may not be enough
 and complicates the picture.
  the picture.
 COEXISTENT infections, infestations with worms and chronic disorders may again
mar or worsen the nutrient deficiency states. In a study in a cluster of urban population in Hyderabad conducted by the author of this website and his associates the prevalence of Anemia by clinical assessment from pallor and by estimation of hemo-globin concentration was found to be 25.7 and 80.5 % respectively along with the presence of intestinal parasitic infestation (48.4%) and malaria infection (18.3%). Vide

 

  <Relationship of Intestinal Parasitism, Malaria and Under-Nutrition to Prevalence
 of Anaemia in an Urban Community by M.M.A.Khan et. al. The Journal of
 Communicable Diseases. vol. 22, June 1990 No 2, pp. 116-119>.
  However the nutrient deficiency states (e.g. Anemia) may exist without regard to co-morbidity states (e.g. Malaria). Vide <Malaria Morbidity Survey in Schoolchildren in Age Groupe 5-15 Years in an Urban Area by M.M.A.Khan and M.A.Kareem.
 Indian Journal of Malariology Vol. 29, March 1992, pp. 63-64.> 
 The value of Health screening specially in school health and nutrition spheres and the need for public health education about Balanced Diet consumption with SUPPLEMENTATION of DIET and MID-DAY MEALS for children with sufficient
 NUTRIENTS ( e.g. protein, omega-3 fats, iron, iodine, calcium and vitamins A, B etc.) along with DEWORMING and IMMUNIZATION programs to usher in a better living cannot be over-emphasized. 

Prevention and treatment of Malnutrition i.e. under-nutrition and over-nutrition, calls for:
 Nutrition and Diet surveys,various laboratory investigationsand an awareness of 
BALANCED DIET and BODY MASS INDEX (BMI).

FOOD FADS/ HABITS

Certain customs, habits and food fads ( formed in early childhood or later life ) may contribute to MALNUTRITION.
Following are some examples:
RICE is the staple and the most customary food in parts of south east Asia. The infants and children are fed on a diet wholly based on this cereal food grain. Consumed in bulk, it deprives the body of essential nutrients and fiber. Rice is mostly carbohydrates and contains about 7% protein ( as against 11% in wheat, 13% in ragi and 20% in pulses. It is deficient in CALCIUM, IRON & VITAMIN C. The habit of throwing away excess water after cooking of rice does away with B vitamins. Polishing of rice also results in loss of B vitamins. Together with B complex deficiency ( Beriberi ), most rice-eaters suffer from Anemia, Protein Energy Malnutrition (PEM), vitamin A deficiency, and short stature. Prevention: Ground (sprouts of) Ragi or wheat blend (hareera)/ ground peanut/pulse/til preparation with jaggery (laddu) apart from milk or other suitable infant feed formula may be used as infant diet. Alternatively: Alpha amylase rich food is recommended as a good infant feed.

 Custom of discarding COLOSTRUM in infant feeding and total avoidance of milk by adults and adolescents deprive them of basic nutrients.

Customary prestige attached to BUTTER FAT/ Desi Ghee ( contains saturated fat & fat soluble vitamins ). Its consumption in large quantity leads to various health disorders including Heart-Artery disorders. A diet too rich in saturated fats and low in calcium, fiber and omega 3 fats is a proven cause of colo-rectal cancer. Saturated fats enhance the production of cholesterol & bile acid which are tumor promoters and are responsible for increased prevalence of colo-rectal cancer. Coke and other soft drinks prevent the absorption of dietary calcium. Avoid soft drinks of all kids. A recent study incriminates these as the cause of pancreatic cancer apart from others. Adults should consume low-fat milk/curd.

The fad for ORGAN MEAT e.g. kidneys, brain entails high cholesterol content in the diet and may again lead to heart- artery ailments.

Non-vegetarian diet (including fish) is a taboo in certain communities.Vegetarians specially those who eat cabbage (a goitrogen) are more likely to suffer from Iodine Deficiency Disorders (IDD), short stature, thyroid malfunction and anemia.

Girl-children, pregnant women and lactating mothers are still a neglected lot in our Indian culture. They are not provided with proper/adequate food as per their special dietary requirements. As a result of this poor nutrition they readily become victims of various forms of malnutrition e.g. asthenia, easy fatigue, lack of luster, anemia, poor dentition and bone density.

Excessive consumption of certain foods/dietary elements e.g. honey (i.e. sugars leading to at first high sugar level in the blood and then reactive severe drop in blood sugar levels), meat ( i.e. omega-6 fats that may lead to Hypertension, Diabetes,etc.), pickles, table salt (hypernatremia), soda, milk (milk-alkali syndrome), yellow of egg (cholesterol), saturated fats ( that may lead to obesity and high cholesterol levels in the body), fried foods, nuts like almonds, cashew, pistachio (i.e. mostly omega-6 fats and little or no omega-3 fats), and non/under-consumption of fresh fruits/vegetables/berries ( that may lead to the deficiency of vitamins, minerals, antioxidants and fiber ) are also responsible for many a nutrition disorder.

Over-consumption of meat (specially dark meat), safflower, sunflower and corn oils lead to high omega-6 to omega-3 ratio in the diet and is a forerunner of many an ailment e.g. heart-artery disorders, Diabetes, Obesity. The aforesaid dietary oils are too rich in omega-6 fats while deficient in another essential fatty acid namely omega-3 fats. P.S. Mustard oil, Olive oil, peanut and sesame oils are rich in monounsaturated fats. Mustard oil in addition is rich in omega-3 fats. For mention about Soy and ice bran oil visit page on CAMPAIGNS.

Fad for processed foods and fast foods again has the same consequences as mentioned in the para above apart from the deficiency of some precious vitamins and other essential nutrients.

Finally hard drinks e.g. alcohol, toddy and drugs (abuse/addictions) supposedly to enhance desire/activity (some utility or usefulness!) have deleterious effect on health and affects chiefly central nervous and gastrointestinal systems. Alcoholism is both a chronic disease and behavior disorder. Leads to generalized malnutrition, heart problems, pancreatitis and cirrhosis (fibrosis) of liver.
Fruits ( even rind ones ) and vegetables are rinsed before use. Over-ripend or bruised ones should not be consumed. Use of fruit ripenerse e.g. Cal. carbide, acetylene, Oxytocin, may be health harming. Vegetables are best washed before cutting and cooking, added to boiling water with vinegar/tamarind/raw mango, covering the pan/cooking utensil (to prevent oxidation)and cooked for not exceeding 15 minutes
(enough to destroy lectins present in them.) Lectins in the digestive tract invite disease and
contribute to weight gain and Rheumatoid arthritis.

High Pulse Rate associated with Food Allergy. An average heart/pulse rate varies from 60-90. However if one is allergic to a particular food item, 15 minutes of its consumption in resting conditions it will increase by 10-15 beats per minute. Other sign and symptoms (manifestations) may be present, involving digestive and nervous systems.


The AHA recommends consumption of fats up to a maximum of 30% of diet calories in the following proportions :- saturated fat : monounsaturated fat : polyunsaturated fat :: 1 : 1: 1.
Japan's Heart Association (JHA) recommends the ratio between the two omega (-3 and -6) fats (both poly-unsaturated) as 1:2, as against WHO recommendations of 1:4-5 in this regard.
Let us now adopt a standard for fat consumption  pattern (doing the splits!):
saturated fats : mono-unsaturated fats : w-3 fats : omega -6 fats :: 10 :10 :2 :8 ; the total
fat consumption being 30% of all food calories
The present day diet of affluent societies specially
that of non-vegetarians is too rich in omega-6 fats
and poor/deficient in omega-3 fats.
Presently the omega-6 fats : omega-3 fats :: 15-30 : 1.


For Cooking/Dietary tips refer to <http://meganutrition.wetpaint.com/page/Tit-bits+%28+cooking%2Fdietary+tips+%29>.

 
 Potassium (K)   (kalium= potassium ) is essential as well as lethal.
HYPERKALEMIA  (HIGHER serum POTASSIUM LEVELS) may occur in old age specially on account of its excessive provision or in kidney disoders. Arrhythmias (heart beat abnormalities) may occur in (both) hyper and hypo Kalemias.
Whatever the cause ( kidney failure, beta-blockers, A.R.blockers, , NSAIDs , K sparing diuretics
e.g. spironolactone ) of Hyperkalemia, the K SUPPLEMENTS and K rich foods e.g. citrus fruits ,
mango, tomatoes, sweet potato, tamarind and curry leaves, fenugreek (methi), apricot and meat, spinach and dried fruits should be avoided - as a measure of SPECIFIC PROTECTION.
K channel blockers e.g. Caordarone are used in arrhythmias specially after CABG along with beta-blockers e.g. Atenolol. Mint, fenugreek leaves, beet root, fresh dates, pine apple and zizyphus (ber) are poor in K or Mg. 

HYPOKALEMIA on the other hand is due to its inadequate intake, diuretic use, hyper-insulinemia, Mg. deficiency & Diarrhea and Vomiting episodes.
Use of K and Mg supplements along with foods rich in potassium (K) recommended.

Hyponatremia (Na =Natrium or sodium) low serum sodium levels, on account of excessive body water/sweatings, vomitings and diarrhea, hot and humid or industrial or atheletic situations and result in muscular cramps, congestive heart failure and kidney failure. Fluid overdose should be avoided. Sports drinks are helpful.

Hypernatremia occurs due to consumption of sea water, increased salt intake or on account of hypertonic or isotonic fluid intake. Increase free water intake. Avoid too much salt in the diet and sodium containing medicines.

Azotemia ( the excessive presence of nitrogen-containing compounds in the blood; e.g. uremia ( azote=nitrogen ) occurs due to excessive aminoacid infusion or in cases of chronic renal disorders. In such cases Hyperphosphatemia may also be present. Cut down aminoacids and ensure DHA, EPA and AA in the diet/infusions. Consides renal replacement therapy if not possible to provide protein required i.e. 1g/kg body weight.
Mg and Phosphate deficiency ensues following Alcoholism and Supplementation with  Mg / P.

Insufficient calcium levels in the blood ( HYPOCALCEMIA) are due to calcium deficient diet, critical illness or malabsorption or in response to phosphate repletion and would lead to lowered bone mineral density (leeching calcium from bones) affecting stature. and causing caries and cardiovascular/ kidney disorders and tetany. Ensure use of milk and dairy products, fish, fruits and vegetables in the diet and supplement calcium with Vit. D3..

Secondary to low calcium in the body or a high calcium intake e.g. CALCIUM SUPPLEMENTATION, a high calcium level in blood ( HYPERCALCEMIA ) results. It is charecterized by aching bones, kidney stones, gastric groans and psychiatric moans. Reduce or eliminate calcium. Excess calcium in the cells is also health harming and may lead to cardiac disorders.

Specialized nutrition support ( parenteral nutrition therapy )  may be required in severe forms of malnutrition specially in cases of elderly in recuperative phase of illness. Here the DHA, EPA, ( the two LC-PUFA oega 3 fatty acids ) and AA (the LC-pufa omega 6 FA ) requirements and that of proteins and other nutrients should not be ignored.

VINEGAR:
Transformed/fermented from fruit juice or malting cereal grains, it contains acetic acid. In French it means 'sour wine'.
It is used as flavoring agent, preservative, cleansing liquid and as ingrediant in salad dressing. Vinegar is  Ethnoic  Acid.
Vinegar is a liquid . It is  CH3 COOH- a weak acid; weaker than Citric acid.
It is a good dip (THE BIBLE).
It is less acidic than lime, lemon or narangi. By and large the Citrus fruits ( Narangi, lime, lemon ) should be avoided which may cause HYPERACIDITY.
Vegetables are best washed before cutting and cooking, added to boiling water with vinegar.
Fill a spray bottle with vinegar one part to 1-5 parts of water and spray in the rooms or ondesired surfaces. Acetic acid in the spray remoes the odor.and freshen the air. The bazar bought air freshners may on the on the other hand may just mask the odors.
One may also soak a sponge or a rag in vinegar and wipe down the surfaces to be cleaned.
A house-hold with VINEGAR will never be deserted.
( Hadith ) ماافقربيت فيه خل 

FLAX-SEED:( Linum usitatissimum or Linseed seeds: Telugu:Avise ginzalu;Arabic:Kattan;Urdu/Hindi:Alsi )
“Wherever flaxseed  becomes a regular food item among the people, there will be a better health."- Mahatma Gandhi.
Linum usitatissimum Flaxseed/Alasi- a good remedy for the prevention of Breast Cancer, Diabetes, Constipation and Obesity.
It contains: Protein 19%, Carbohydrate 30%, Fat 30%, Minerals 2.5%, Crude Fiber 5% and Moisture 6.5%.
Seeds are first cold pressed providing edible oil. the seeds are then hot pressed to produce industrial oil and solvent known as linseed oil- not edible. Linen is made out of the bark of the plant. The seeds are a good source of omega-3 fat namely Alpha Linolenic Acid (ALA)- an essential fatty acid. The seeds and not OIL, contain phyto-estrogens which is anti-Breast Canser.
Seeds/Oil - are a rich source of W-3 fats. One Table spoonful of ground flaxseeds contain 0.4gm omega-6 fats and 1.6gm of omega-3 fats%. W-6 fat:W-3 fat::0.25:1. 
Ground seeds should be kept in a closed container, away from light and heat.
Flaxseed oil contains 1.6gm omega-6 fats and 6.6gm omega-3 fats %. (100gm of oil.)
OMEGA-3 FATS are HEART HEALTHY, ANTI-DIABETIC, PREVENT AND CURE MANY A CHRONIC DISORDER including Obesity.
Excessive consumption of these seeds or without water may lead to intestinal blockage.
The omega 3 & omega 6 foods consumption in balanced amounts ENSURES THE PROPER FUNCTION and FORMATION of BRAIN, EYES and CELL MEMBRANES.
The other dietary sources of these ESSENTIAL FATTY ACIDS with a proper ratio are: FAT FISH. WALNUTS, PUMPKINS SEEDS. METHI SPROUTS, MUSTARD** and CANOLA OILS, certain pulses, spinach, Apple and BERRIES including Stawberries & KIWIFRUIT.

** Brassica nigra/juncea, Mustard Oil. rai/sarsoun ka t'eil. ( Telugu:Ava; Arabic: Khardal) w-6:w3::1.25:1 Saturated fat 8%, mono unsaturated fats 69%, poly unsaturated fats 22% (g/100g of fats). Calcium per 10gm is 88mg.

CONSTIPATION: It is mostly secondary to malnutrition. The diet may be deficient in fiber.
DIETARY FIBER/FIBRE is among non-nutrient components of foods which add bulk to the diet. These are indigestible carbohydrates derived from plant foods.
Further it may be insoluble ( with water holding capacity) or insoluble ( hypoglycemic/ hypolypidemic effect ).
Fruits and vegetables are rich in Dietary fiber e.g. Fig, Tamarind leaves. Also whole wheat, oats, Uradh and moong dhals. Fenugreek seeds specially their sprouts contain a lot of insoluble dietary fiber and employed in the prevention and treatment of Diabetes and Hypertension.


And the sky He hath uplifted; and He hath set the measure,  That ye exceed not the measure,
But observe the measure strictly, nor fall short thereof. ( 55/7-9 )

  Low Blood Sugar Levels (reactive hypoglycemia as a result of early hyperinsulinemia caused by rapid increments in plasma glucose- not an uncommon condition) that ensue within 2-4 hours following the consumption of an over-sized meal too rich in carbohydrates/sugars and marked by 1) sweating, high pulse rate, hunger, tremor or anxiety and/or 2) head-ache, dizziness, convulsions or loss of consciousness. Such carbohydrates/sugars include : sugar cane juice, sweetened drink including coffee, refined sugars, honey, soft drinks, mango juice, jaggery, black currants ( munakka ), sugary cakes, ice-creams, sago and cereals. Alcohol, ( other intoxicants too ),and certain drugs may also act the same way within 6-36 hours of their consumption. It is known as Reactive Hypoglycemia and scientifically an evidence of human body's homeostatic response in the form of " Fright, Fight or Flight". It may occur due to imprudent or even malicious use of insulin. A small potion of fruit juice/sugar should be handy. It is common among healthcare workers, diabetics and those who consume foods of high glycemic index or glycmic load e.g. honey, raisin, potatoes One should take small sized meals frequently with variety. Simple  surgeries may be avoided. A high protein diet is recommended.  

 

Foods with low GI: lentils, peanuts, peas, Apple, apricots, cherries, plums, pear, cucumber and tomatoes  barley and whole grains. Diet
Dietary Fats do not immediately cause a rise in glucose levels in the body.
Stick with healthy fats such as those found in mustard/canola oils, fish and walnuts. 

Prefer high fiber / high protein diet which include legumes, non-starchy vegetables,
whole grain bread (to white bread), fish, lean meat, Bengal gram (chana), Methi
sprouts, barley, carrots and fresh fruits( apple, figs, guava, cherries ) in general.

Avoid fast food, fried foods, pizza, cheese, yellow of egg, nuts and oilseeds and
white foods i.e. white sugar, maida (white flour), potato, butter and rice, (exceptions:
low fat yogurt, fruit yogurt and milk), white bread, dates, resins, ripe banana,
cantaloupe, lychee, noodles, dried figs/soft drinks/cakes/ sweetmeat/creams .
TAKE 5 MEALS A DAY but do LIMIT the size of each and every MEAL.

High levels of blood sugar ( hyperglyemia ) if persistent lead to DIABETES, EYE PROBLEMS, weight gain, insulin resistance, reactive hypoglycemia, and heart disease. Diabetes is
endemic. TYPE 1 DIABETES affects children in particular and type 2 affects adults.
The worldwide prevalence of diabetes was estimated to be 2.8% in 2000 and 4.4%
in 2030. Diabetes mellitus is a chronic disorder - an inherited ( type 1 ) or acquired
( type 2 ) impairment of the INSULIN ( a hormone from pancreas gland in the body )
production resulting in a reduced glucose tolerance, increased concentration of glucose in the blood (hyperglycemia) and other metabolic disturbances usually leading to excessive urination (polyuria), great thirst (polydipsia) and increased appetite (poly-phagia). In the long run changes in the blood vessels of the body, weight loss and ( due to lowered resistance or susceptibility) various infections do occur.
Lifestyle education programs including diet management and physical activity
lower plasma glucose concentrations and reduce the incidence of Diabetes.
The Glycemic index (also glycaemic index) or GI is a measure of the effects of
carbohydrates on blood glucose levels. Low GI carbohydrates produce only small
changes in the blood glucose and the insulin levels.
( The GI values are a measure of 1 to 100 where pure glucose has a value of 100.)
A GI value tells us how rapidly a particular carbohydrate turns into sugar. It doesn't
say how much of that carbohydrate is in a serving of a particular food. Hence the
concept of GLYCEMIC LOAD (GL). GL again is a ranking system for carbohydrate
content in food portions based on their GI and meal portion size/quantity.
The GL is the GI divided by 100 and multiplied by its available carbohydrate content.
Many fruits and vegetables (not potatoes) contain very little carbohydrate per serving
e.g. carrots, apricots, fresh figs, peach, pear, plum, pineapple, cherries, water melon,
beet root, lentils, beans, green leafy vegetables and are preferred.
Foods with GI of <55 and GL of <10 are preferred in general.
A high GI food consumed in small quantities would give the same effect as larger
quantities of a low GI food on BLOOD SUGAR level (BSL). A serving size of 120 gm. for different foods in general is the limit for energy yield in diabetes.
The serving size/food portion being consumed ( 60 mg to 120 mg for each ) forms the
basis for the calculation of Glycemic load (GL). Hence reducing the quantity of diet
brings down the GI, Hyper-glycemia or the BSL.

Insulin (hormone) resistance may be due to deficiency of omega-3 fats in the body whichcontributes to several frequent health problems, including type 2 diabetes mellitus, polycystic ovary disease, dyslipidemia, hypertension, cardiovascular disease, sleep apnea, and obesity.

 Method of preparation of Alpha amylase rich food in a sketch line:- 250 g of wheat ( protein 11.8, fat 1.5, carbohydrate 71.2, non-energy carbohydrates 1.2 and moisture 12.8 %)
Add 2-3 vol. of water
Drain excess water
Germinate wheat in dark for 24-48 hrs.
Sun-dry for 5-8 hrs.
Roast gently in flat pan to remove water
Grind and powder the grains (ARF)
Store in airtight bottles/jars, tightly capped
Usage:- Add 5g (one teaspoonful) of ARF, after cooking to every feed (of cereal-based diet). USES of Alpha-ARF :-1) To increase the digestibility of low-cost weaning feeds.
2) To reduce the bulk of feeds
3) To prevent/treat Protein Energy Malnutrition(PEM)/marasmus.
(P.S. Amylase is an enzyme. Helps digest carbohydrates. All enzymes are proteins. Not all proteins are enzymes).

This is a non-government website without any profit
motive, run on voluntary basis and designed to
promote positive health and nutrition.
The contents of this website should not be construed
as a substitute to the advice of your physician.
There is no conflict of interest.
I humbly dedicate this effort to my beloved mother
who passed away in her early twenties on account
of maternal affliction and thereby fell a victim to the
 high mortality prevailing in thecountry those days.
 

 BIBLIOGRAPHY:

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• (*4)Fish and omega-3 fatty acids intake and risk of coronary heart disease in women.JAMA. 2002 Apr 10;287(14):1815-21. Hu FB, et al
  5. RC Oh et al; The fish in secondary prevention of Heart Disease; J Am Board Fam Med.2006;(5):459-467;
  6. Rastogi Tanoja et al, Diet and risk of Ischemic Heart Disease in India. Am J Cl Nutrition, Vol.79,No 4,582-592-Apr 2004;
  7. Barbara V Howard et al; Low Fat Dietary Pattern and Risk of Cardiovascular disease, Jama. 2006;295:655-666.

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Emeritus Prof. Mohammed Masood Ahmed Khan, M.D. (AIIMS).

10-4-6/3, Pent house, SHAHBAZ KHAN's RAZA ENCLAVE, HYDERABAD, A.P. INDIA, 500028.

914023395453, 919293946241; 9014840026 & 914023303012.

mmakhan34@gmail.com; mmakhan35@yahoo.com.